ADHD

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) affects about 9.4% of American children.

Boys are over twice as likely as girls to be diagnosed. Common symptoms include trouble paying attention, impulsive behavior, and being overly active. Half of kids with ADHD also have behavior problems, and about a third have anxiety. Treatments often include behavioral therapy and medication.

What is ADHD?

ADHD is a brain disorder that starts in childhood and can continue into adulthood. Symptoms include trouble focusing, staying still, and controlling impulses. These can cause problems at school, work, and in relationships.

Types of ADHD

● Inattentive ADHD: Trouble focusing and staying organized.

● Hyperactive/Impulsive ADHD: Restlessness and impulsive actions.

● Combined ADHD: A mix of inattentiveness and hyperactivity.

Symptoms

● Fidgeting and difficulty staying seated

● Excessive talking and interrupting

● Disorganization and forgetfulness

● Easily distracted and avoiding tasks needing concentration

Causes and Heredity

ADHD likely results from a mix of genetic and environmental factors. It often runs in families. Other risks include smoking, drinking, or drug use during pregnancy, low birth weight, premature birth, and exposure to toxins.

Diagnosis and Treatment

ADHD is usually diagnosed in elementary school through a detailed evaluation process. Treatments include:

● Behavioral therapy: Helps manage behaviors and improve skills.

● Medications: Stimulant medication or non-stimulant medication

Living with ADHD

ADHD can cause long-term challenges like poor school performance and relationship issues. However, with proper treatment and support, individuals with ADHD can lead successful lives.

Prevention Tips

● Avoid substances that could harm fetal development such as smoking, drinking, or drug use during pregnancy.

● Limit exposure to toxins and pollutants like lead paint and cigarette smoke.

Research and Future Directions

Current research is exploring new treatments and interventions, including mindfulness and online behavioral therapy, to support those with ADHD and their families.

Sources

CDC ADHD Data and Statistics: CDC ADHD Data

DSM-5 ADHD Diagnostic Criteria: APA ADHD Criteria

NIMH ADHD Information: NIMH ADHD

JAMA Network Open ADHD Studies: JAMA ADHD Research

ADHD Research at Cincinnati Children's: Cincinnati Children's ADHD Research